The hid­den health crises impact­ing Sau­di Arabia’s old­er pop­u­la­tion

VHD, com­mon­ly referred to as a “silent pan­dem­ic,” is often over­shad­owed by oth­er car­dio­vas­cu­lar dis­eases. It is fre­quent­ly over­looked and untreat­ed, even though there are effec­tive treat­ment options read­i­ly avail­able.

50%

of patients with aor­tic steno­sis who go untreat­ed do not sur­vive more than two years after the onset of symtoms.⁶

Neglect­ing to treat VHD in old­er peo­ple leads to life-threat­en­ing and expen­sive com­pli­ca­tions. With­out inter­ven­tion, the impact of VHD is pre­dict­ed to rise due to the increas­ing inci­dence of the dis­ease among the aging Sau­di pop­u­la­tion.

Degen­er­a­tive VHD is a sig­nif­i­cant health issue with pro­found impli­ca­tions for old­er pop­u­la­tions.
How­ev­er, diag­no­sis rates remain alarm­ing­ly low, lead­ing to under­pri­or­i­ti­za­tion of VHD as a health care con­cern in Sau­di Ara­bia. Con­se­quent­ly, there is a lack of com­pre­hen­sive data reflect­ing this condition’s true preva­lence and finan­cial bur­den.

Fail­ure to diag­nose and pro­vide time­ly treat­ment for VHD leads to increased mor­bid­i­ty, mor­tal­i­ty, and health care costs.23,24
Despite being treat­able, VHD often goes unno­ticed due to a lack of aware­ness about the dis­ease and its symp­toms. This can result in seri­ous com­pli­ca­tions, such as heart fail­ure and stroke, which are not only detri­men­tal to indi­vid­u­als but also impose sub­stan­tial finan­cial strains on health care sys­tems.24,26

Aor­tic steno­sis, the most com­mon form of VHD in elder­ly indi­vid­u­als in devel­oped nations, is asso­ci­at­ed with sev­er­al health com­pli­ca­tions.
Adverse out­comes include heart fail­ure, pul­monary hyper­ten­sion, sud­den car­diac death, arrhyth­mias, endo­cardi­tis, and increased bleed­ing ten­den­cies.6,8,15–27 If left untreat­ed, severe symp­to­matic cas­es of aor­tic steno­sis have a high mor­tal­i­ty rate with­in two years.7

Degen­er­a­tive cal­cif­ic aor­tic valve steno­sis is becom­ing a grow­ing con­cern in Sau­di Ara­bia, par­tic­u­lar­ly in indi­vid­u­als over the age of 60.5
Evi­dence from oth­er high-income coun­tries sug­gests that, in cas­es of mod­er­ate and severe VHD, severe aor­tic steno­sis is notably com­mon in those aged 75 years and over.5,17 As the Sau­di pop­u­la­tion ages, the impor­tance of detect­ing and man­ag­ing degen­er­a­tive dis­eases such as VHD becomes para­mount.22,28 Fail­ing to acknowl­edge this demo­graph­ic trend and estab­lish com­pre­hen­sive sys­tems and poli­cies to address it will have long-last­ing health and eco­nom­ic con­se­quences.29

Invest­ing in bet­ter detec­tion of VHD will enable ade­quate care and alle­vi­ate the bur­den on indi­vid­u­als, fam­i­lies, and soci­eties – sav­ing costs in the long run.
Effec­tive treat­ments for VHD already exist, but low diag­no­sis rates lim­it their poten­tial to reduce the impact of the dis­ease. Sys­tem­at­ic screen­ing of peo­ple over the age of 60 will ensure that patients are con­nect­ed to life-sav­ing treat­ments. Time­ly treat­ment inter­ven­tion will also pre­vent cost­ly com­pli­ca­tions of VHD, reduc­ing health­care costs, as well as indi­rect costs due to poor health and mor­tal­i­ty.30